Int Res J Med Sci 2(11):10–14Īlam MK, Nowrin SA, Yusof A, Ahmad B (2015) Changes of lip morphology in relation to different skeletal index: in Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population. J Hard Tissue Biol 23:351–356Īlam MK, Nowrin SA, Shahid F, Haque S, Basri R (2014c) Cephalometric characteristics of Bangladeshi adults with class II malocclusion. Int Med J 21(2):177–180Īlam MK, Qamruddin I, Muraoka R, Nakano K, Okafuji N (2014b) Validity of W angle and YEN angle in a sample from Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations. Int Med J 20(3):345–348Īlam MK, Talib MA, Abdul Aziz NS, Basri R, Purmal K, Rahman SA (2014a) Comparison of linear and angular cephalometric lip morphology in Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population. Int Med J 20:201–203Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Rahman SA, Shaari R, Haq ME (2013d) Cephalometric for orthognathic surgery (COGS) for Bangladeshi population. Int Med J 20:92–94Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2013c) Cephalometric lip morphology in Bangladeshi population. Int Med J 20(2):197–200Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2013b) Cephalometric norms in Bangladeshi adults using Harvold’s analysis. Int Med J 19:333–336Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2013a) Craniofacial morphology of Bangladeshi adult using Tweed’s and Wit’s analysis. Int Med J 19(4):329–332Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2012e) A soft tissue cephalometric analysis for Bangladeshi adult using Holdaway’s analysis. Int Med J 20(1):84–86Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2012d) Determining cephalometric norms for Bangladeshi adult using Bjork-Jarabaks’ analysis. Int Med J 19(3):258–261Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2012c) Cephalometric norm study in a Bangladeshi population using McNamara analysis. Int Med J 19:262–265Īlam MK, Basri R, Kathiravan P, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2012b) Cephalometric evaluation for Bangladeshi adult by Down’s analysis. Int Med J 20(1):41–48Īlam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M, Iida J (2012a) Cephalometric evaluation for Bangladeshi adult by Steiner analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 101:569–570Ībdul Aziz NS, Talib MA, Alam MK, Basri R, Purmal K, Rahman SA (2014) Linear and angular cephalometric lip morphology in Malaysian Chinese population. KeywordsĪAPA (1996) AAPA statement on biological aspects of race. Diverse assortments of cephalometric examination provide total craniofacial morphometric data whereby it incorporates hard tissue, soft tissue, and dental structures according to racial classifications. The lateral cephalometric radiographs help orthodontists to focus on current facial structures and anticipate future facial development when arranging a treatment plan for the patient.

Lateral cephalometric radiographs for craniofacial and dental investigation provide insights on skeletal structure connections and connections between skeletal structures with the teeth and facial soft tissue structures. Ethnicity, hard tissue, soft tissue, and dental features are important features to be considered, particularly in orthodontic and orthognathic medical procedures. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of craniofacial morphometric highlights and examines gender dimorphism in Saudi Arabia.

Craniofacial skeleton sketch